Low Dose Laser

Laser

The dentistry sector is a sector that constantly renews and develops itself. The aim is always to increase patient comfort and to develop painless and quick-healing surgeries. Although the use of anesthetic solutions makes painless and painless treatments possible, dental treatments that do not interrupt daily life are the expectations of every individual. In this case, the development of technology according to the needs has brought LASER into the field of dentistry. Laser was developed by Mainman in the 1960s as a result of theoretical studies by Basov, Prokhorov and Townes. Laser;

Laser,

Amplification by,

Stimulated,

Emission of,

It takes its name from the first letters of the words Radiation.

Lasers Used in Dentistry

Laser types depend on the laser's active medium, wavelength, delivery system, oscillation mode, tissue absorption and clinical applications.

1. Argon Lasers

Argon lasers have two wavelengths: 488 nm (blue) and 514 nm (blue-green). The 488 nm wavelength of the argon laser is widely used in composite resin applications, tooth whitening and caries protection studies. The 514 nm wavelength has a peak absorption in red pigment. Tissues containing hemoglobin, hemosiderin and melanin interact with this laser. It is a useful surgical laser with excellent hemostatic capabilities. It is suitable for use in the treatment of highly vascularized lesions such as acute inflammatory periodontal disease and hemangioma, for use in contact with tissue. Both wavelengths are used to identify caries. When the argon laser light illuminates caries, the carious area appears dark orange-red and can be easily distinguished from the surrounding healthy structures.

2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser

Its wavelength is 10600nm. It is very well absorbed by water. It is used for rapid soft tissue removal and has a low penetration into the tissue. It is especially useful for cutting dense fibrotic tissue. It has been stated that it has a strong hemostatic and bactericidal effect and creates minimal scar tissue. The strongest hemostasis is achieved with the CO2 laser, while the slowest healing is achieved with this laser. While its fast and bleeding-free operation makes the CO2 laser a suitable option for soft tissue surgery, which is its sole indication, its use in the vicinity of hard tissue should be performed under very detailed control, such as microscope magnification, due to the carbonization it can create even in the shortest interaction with hard tissues.

3. ND: YAGLaser

It is the first laser system produced and first used in dentistry. It is generally used for cutting and coagulation of dental soft tissues with good hemostatic properties. These lasers can be used for large pathological sterilization and closure. Although Nd:YAG lasers were initially used for excision of large pathological cases, with the development of fiber optic cables with direct contact transmission system, not only cutting but also sterilization and covering processes can be performed at very low power. With Nd:YAG laser; gingivoplasty, gingivectomy, removal of prosthesis-related hyperplasia, reduction of gingival hypertrophy, opening of implant, opening of unerupted tooth, extension of crown length with soft tissue intervention, curettage, abscess incision and drainage, excisional and incisional biopsies, removal of postoperative granulation tissue, frenectomy, endodontics, removal of root canal filling materials such as resin or gutta-percha, sensitivity treatment in the cervical region can be performed.

4. HO:YAG Laser

The wavelength is 2120nm. The Ho laser is generally used for arthroscopic surgery of the temporomandibular joint.

5. ER:YAG Laser (Erbium-Doped: Yttrium, Aluminum and Garnet)

The wavelength is 2940 nm. It is the laser that is best absorbed in water. Incisions made with Erbium lasers heal faster than almost all surgical methods. The main reason for this is that the laser does very little thermal damage to the soft tissue. The advantage of this laser is that it can treat caries lesions that are very close to the gingiva for restorative dentistry and can reposition the soft tissue with the same instrument. With Er: YAG laser; cavity preparation, direct pulp capping, enamel roughening, fissure sealant, removal of filling materials (composite resin, glass ionomer cement, etc.), sensitivity treatment in the cervical region, gingivectomy, intraoral soft tissue surgery, apical resection surgery, endodontic cavity preparation, root canal cleaning, root canal widening and preparation, pulp extirpation, pulp amputation, etc. can be performed.

6. ER, CR: YSGG Laser (Erbium, Chromium-Doped: Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium and Garnet)

It is a laser type with a wavelength of 2780 nm and is used only on hard tissue.

Diode Laser

Laser devices function according to their wavelengths and pulse numbers. As a result of the research conducted in our country on diode lasers with a wavelength of 980 nm, it has been understood that they are helpful in wound healing. They contain a diode lamp. This is the difference from the Nd YAG laser (Romans G, Nentwig GH). They conducted research on the 980 nm diode laser device and determined that it is extremely beneficial in wound healing after surgery in soft tissue.

They found that laser accelerates wound healing in the gums.

Use of Diode Laser in the Mouth

• In making the incision in the buried twenty-year-old shooting,
• In cutting the raised gums located behind the semi-impacted wisdom teeth,
• In flap opening during apical resection,
• In the incision of the flap to be lifted for the implant operation,
• During biopsy,

In cases where the lower jaw tongue tie restricts the movement of the tongue, the incision effect is used. All these procedures can be performed without a laser device. Here, the incision effect of the diode laser is explained and information is given on this subject, not a comparison or superiority.

Diode laser is also used to STIMULATE WOUND HEALING. These wounds;

• Mucositis (seen in 40% of patients receiving chemotherapy),
• During and after surgery for fibromas developing on the palate,
• In the treatment of aphtha and herpes,
• In healing prosthetic impact,
• In the treatment of tissue thickening caused by prosthesis impact,
• In the removal of giant cell granuloma in the gums and healing of wounds,
• In the treatment and follow-up treatments of leukaplasia in the cheek area caused by chronic irritation caused by smoking, alcohol and tobacco use, and fungal type lesions under the prostheses,
• In the treatment of thickened tissue on the cheeks and corners of the lips as a result of chronic irritation (habits such as lip biting and lip biting),
• Likewise, they can always be used as an aid in the treatment of papillomas that occur on the tongue due to chronic irritation, depending on the physician's preference.
• They are used to heal the irritation caused by brackets on the cheek tissues during orthodontic treatment.
• Diode laser is also used in DENTAL AESTHETICS applications.
• It is also used in gingivectomy (gum manicure) to treat irregularities between the gum levels. Nd-YAG, CO2, Er-YAG lasers can also be used in this procedure. Diode laser is not specific for this procedure.
• In teeth that have undergone root canal treatment, it is common for the filling to stop and the tooth to break. In teeth where the fracture extends below the crown, the crown length is lengthened and the teeth are prepared for crown construction.
• After tooth cutting, the gums are retracted and prepared for the impression,
• Diode laser, which helps to extend the crown lengths in order to restore the front teeth that are broken at the gum level, is used according to the preference of the doctor.
• It is used for the disinfection of the gum pocket after gum treatment due to its effect on MICROORGANISMS IN THE MOUTH.
• It provides stimulation in the regeneration of gum tissue, as well as disinfection in the gum treatment of veneered teeth, especially in areas between the teeth where the brush and dental floss cannot reach.

How Does Diode Laser Provide Biostimulation?

Diode laser has entered the field of dentistry intensively in recent years;

• In wound healing,
• Anti-inflammatory,
• Analgesic,
• It is used for its bone reaction enhancing properties.

Sources Used

Akal ÜK. Karasu H, Sayan NB. Evaluation of the use of CO2 laser in soft tissue tumors and mucosal lesions of the oral cavity. Ministry of Dentistry, 2003.

Laser applications in soft tissue in dentistry practice (Prof. Dr. Hakkı Tanyeri)

Zeynep Dereli, Özgür Hanım Tabakoğlu, Özgür Cem Bozkulak, Ayla Aksoy Aksel, Murat Gülsay 980 nm diyot lazer ile doku kaynağı optimal parametrelerin saptanmasına yönelik ön çalışma.
http://dent.ege.edu.tr/yayinlarimiz/bitirme_tezleri/pdf/249.pdf
https://www.ido.org.tr/lib_yayin/174.pdf
http://dfd.atauni.edu.tr/UploadsCild/files/2007-2/2007_2_6%20.pdf